• The role of circulating physiologic concentrations of FGF in

  2023-01-04

  

  The role of circulating physiologic concentrations of FGF21 in glucose metabolism, however, remains unclear. Circulating FGF21 levels in obese and diabetic rodents, and in patients with type 2 diabetes are significantly higher than those in controls without diabetes [4], [5], [6]. On the other hand,

• br Discussion With recently improved understanding of the

  2023-01-04

  

  Discussion With recently improved understanding of the role of βARK1 in the progression of HF and as a potential therapeutic target in HF, we explored the relationship between plasma βARK1, as a marker of chronic sympathetic overactivation, and physical symptoms in HF. Our main findings were 1) e

• Although the role of mossy fiber sprouting in epileptogenesi

  2023-01-04

  

  Although the role of mossy fiber sprouting in epileptogenesis has been challenged (Elmer et al., 1997, Nissinen et al., 2001), in addition to astrogliosis, mossy fiber sprouting is one of the characteristic histopathological findings in TLE (Kharatishvili et al., 2006, Pitkanen et al., 2007, Represa

• Atazanavir receptor ACK has been clearly implicated in cance

  2023-01-04

  

  ACK1 has been clearly implicated in cancer progression in recent years. A strong correlation between ACK1 gene copy number, protein level and activity have been demonstrated in tumors of different tissue types (Mahajan et al., 2007; van der Horst et al., 2005; Wang et al., 2006). Our western blot an

• Our previous studies and others

  2023-01-02

  

  Our previous studies and others have identified that the inhalational anesthetic isoflurane induces neuronal apoptosis via [Ca2+]i overload through the opening of synaptic voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) and the excessive Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (Zhao et al., 2011; Zha

• Apelin APJ triggers a variety of cellular signaling pathways

  2023-01-02

  

  Apelin/APJ triggers a variety of cellular signaling pathways (Fig. 1). Recent studies from our laboratory showed that apelin-13 induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation by the upregulation of Cyclin D1 expression, which is involved in an ERK-dependent activation of Jagged-1/Notch3 si

• It has been known for a while that oxygenation the

  2023-01-02

  

  It has been known for a while that oxygenation (the addition of oxygen) of Aβ can inhibit the formation of amyloids and diminish their cytotoxicity. Photo-oxygenation of Aβ started with fullerenes almost a decade ago by Toshima and co-workers. Later, porphyrins and polyoxometalates were used as well

• Calcium entry through postsynaptic NMDARs activates intracel

  2023-01-02

  

  Calcium entry through postsynaptic NMDARs activates intracellular signaling cascades including Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and calcineurin. The spatiotemporal abundance of this Ca2+/CaM complex determines the direction of synaptic plasticity, resulting in LTP (Malinow

• A unique finding in this study is

  2023-01-02

  

  A unique finding in this study is that 12/15-LO influences CREB phosphorylation in the murine brain. While previous reports have found that knockout of 5-lipoxygenase, a related enzyme that also uses arachidonic 90 for substrate, can regulate CREB phosphoryation in the context of Alzheimer's diseas

• The metabolism of amino acids

  2023-01-02

  

  The metabolism of amino acids into volatile aldehydes involves both decarboxylation and deamination steps. The order of these reactions and the enzymes performing the catalysis differ among plants [13]. In tomato fruit the conversion of L-Phe to 2-phenylethanal is catalyzed by two enzymatic steps, i

• Synthesis of the pterin carboxamides was achieved as shown

  2023-01-02

  

  Synthesis of the pterin-7-carboxamides was achieved, as shown in , based on a previously reported method that utilizes DBU as a key additive to dissolve pterin in organic solvents and accelerate the reaction., With this method, the pterin-amino XCT790 conjugates (–) were readily obtained by simply m

• br Conflict of Interest br

  2023-01-02

  

  Conflict of Interest Transparency Document Introduction Mitoxantrone (MXT) is an androstenedione chemotherapeutic agent that is used to treat acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, prostate cancer, metastatic breast cancer, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma [13], [14]. It is

• Pioneering studies on the immunomodulatory role of adenosine

  2023-01-02

  

  Pioneering studies on the immunomodulatory role of adenosine date back to the early ‘70 s of last century (Fig. 1), when the critical role of this nucleoside in shaping the development and the activity of several immune cell populations was first established [[18], [19], [20], [21], [22]]. This then

• br The role of AMPK beyond energy homeostasis

  2023-01-02

  

  The role of AMPK beyond annexin v homeostasis: regulating metabolism AMPK plays a major role in glucose homeostasis by modulating glucose transport in peripheral tissues [20]. Skeletal muscle, one of the main peripheral tissues involved in glucose uptake and disposal, expresses glucose transport

• ACE inhibition is often thought to play a central

  2023-01-02

  

  ACE inhibition is often thought to play a central role in the mechanisms of blood pressure reduction in vivo, and most ACE inhibitory (ACEi) peptides were characterized based on in vitro ACE inhibition. A relationship between in vitro ACE inhibition and antihypertensive activity, however, is not app

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